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QUEEN MATILDA, (b. 1104, d. 10 SEP 1169)

Note: Source: Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (1:24), (118:25). Source: Royalty For Commoners, 53:28

Change: Date: 10 MAR 2001

Note: Henry I (of England) (1068-1135), third Norman king of England (1100-1135), fourth son of William the Conqueror. Henry was born in Selby. Because his father, who died in 1087, left him no land, Henry made several unsuccessful attempts to gain territories on the Continent. On the death of his brother William II in 1100, Henry took advantage of the absence of another brother Robert, who had a prior claim to the throne to seize the royal treasury and have himself crowned king at Westminster. Henry subsequently secured his position with the nobles and with the church by issuing a charter of liberties that acknowledged the feudal rights of the nobles and the rights of the church. In 1101 Robert, who was duke of Normandy, invaded England, but Henry persuaded him to withdraw by promising him a pension and military aid on the Continent.

In 1102 Henry put down a revolt of nobles, who subsequently took refuge in Normandy, where they were aided by Robert. By defeating Robert at Tinchebray, France, in 1106, Henry won Normandy. During the rest of his reign, however, he constantly had to put down uprisings that threatened his rule in Normandy. The conflict between Henry and Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, over the question of lay investiture (the appointment of church officials by the king), was settled in1107 by a compromise that left the king with substantial control in the matter. Because he had no surviving male heir, Henry was forced to designate his daughter Matilda as his heiress.

After his death on December 1, 1135, at Lyons-la-Fôret, Normandy, however,Henry's nephew, Stephen of Blois, usurped the throne, plunging the country into a protracted civil war that ended only with the accession of Matilda's son, Henry II, in 1154.

Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (1:23), (33A:23), (50:26), (98:25),(118:25), (119:25), (121:25), (121B:26), (124:25), (149:24),(153:24A), (262:27).

Change: Date: 10 MAR 2001

Note: Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (1:23), (121:25).

Note: William I (of England), called The Conqueror (1027-87), first Norman king of England (1066-87), who has been called one of the first modern kings and is generally regarded as one of the outstanding figures in western European history. Born in Falaise, France, William was the illegitimate son of Robert I, duke of Normandy, and Arletta, a tanner's daughter, and is therefore sometimes called William the Bastard. Upon the death of his father, the Norman nobles, honoring their promise to Robert, accepted William as his successor. Rebellion against the young duke broke out almost immediately, however, and his position did not become secure until 1047 when, with the aid of Henry I, king of France, he won a decisive victory over a rebel force near Caen.

During a visit in 1051 to his childless cousin, Edward the Confessor, king of England, William is said to have obtained Edward's agreement that he should succeed to the English throne. In 1053, defying a papal ban, William married Matilda of Flanders, daughter of Baldwin V, count of Flanders and a descendant of King Alfred the Great, thereby strengthening his claim to the crown of England. Henry I, fearing the strong bond between Normandy and Flanders resulting from the marriage, attempted in 1054 and again in 1058 to crush the powerful duke, but on both occasions William defeated the French king's forces.

Conquest of England About 1064, the powerful English noble, Harold, earl of Wessex, was shipwrecked on the Norman coast and taken prisoner by William. He secured his release by swearing to support William's claim to the English throne. When King Edward died, however, the witenagemot (royal council) elected Harold king. Determined to make good his claim, William secured the sanction of Pope Alexander II for a Norman invasion of England. The duke and his army landed at Pevensey on September 28, 1066. On October 14, the Normans defeated the English forces at the celebrated Battle of Hastings, in which Harold was slain. William then proceeded to London, crushing the resistance he encountered on the way. On Christmas Day he was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey.

The English did not accept foreign rule without a struggle. William met the opposition, which was particularly violent in the north and west, with strong measures; he was responsiblefor the devastation of great areas of the country, particularly in Yorkshire, where Danish forces had arrived to aid the Saxon rebels. By 1070 the Norman conquest of England was complete. William invaded Scotland in 1072 and forced the Scottish king Malcolm III MacDuncan to pay him homage. During the succeeding years the Conqueror crushed insurrections among his Norman followers, including that incited in 1075 by Ralph de Guader,1st earl of Norfolk, and Roger Fitzwilliam, earl of Hereford, and a series of uprisings in Normandy led by his eldest son Robert, who later became Robert II, duke of Normandy.

His Achievements One feature of William's reign as king was his reorganization of the English feudal and administrative systems. He dissolved the great earldoms, which had enjoyed virtual independence under his Anglo-Saxon predecessors, and distributed the lands confiscated from the English to his trusted Norman followers. He introduced the Continental system of feudalism; by the Oath of Salisbury of 1086 all landlords swore allegiance to William, thus establishing the precedent that a vassal's loyalty to the king overrode his fealty to his immediate lord. The feudal lords were compelled to acknowledge the jurisdiction of the local courts, which William retained along with many other Anglo-Saxon institutions. The ecclesiastical and secular courts were separated, and the power of the papacy in English affairs was greatly curtailed. Another outstanding accomplishment was the economic survey undertaken and incorporated in the Domesday Book in 1086.

In 1087, during a campaign against King Philip I of France, William burned the town of Mantes (now Mantes-la-Jolie). William's horse fell in the vicinity of Mantes, fatally injuring him. He died in Rouen on September 7 and was buried at Caen in Saint Stephen's, one of the abbeys he and Matilda had founded at the time of their marriage as penance for their defiance of the pope. William was succeeded by his third-born son, William II.

Further Reading "William I (of England)," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c)1994 Microsoft Corporation.

Copyright (c) 1994 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation.

Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (121:23), (121E:22), (137:23),(139:23), (162:23), (169:23). Known as William "The Conquerer". Duke of Normandy, then King of England 1066-1087.

Change: Date: 10 MAR 2001

Note: Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (121:23), (162:23), (169:23). An interesting story is told in Cokayne's "Complete Peerage" (Gloucester). According to the Tewkesbury Abbey Chronicle, Brictric, son of Algar, otherwise known as Brictric Mawr, a great thegn of the time of Edward the Confessor, held, with Tewkesbury, various lordships in Worcester, Gloucester, Somerset, and other counties. Maud [Matilda], afterwards wife of WILLIAM THE CONQUERER, in her youth wished to marry Brictric, who refused her. When she became Queen, she imprisoned him, and on his death shortly afterwards his manors, the (later) honour of Gloucester, were given to her.

Change: Date: 10 MAR 2001

Change: Date: 10 MAR 2001

Note: King Malcolm III, grandson of Malcolm II., King of Scotland, called Canmore (Caen Mor, or great head) because of the large size of his head, was born in 1024, before his father was called to the throne, and he became king at the time of his victory over Macbeth in 1039, remaining so until his death in1093. He was buried at Icelmkill. He married about 1059 (1) Ingibiorg, and about 1069 (2) Margaret (St. Margaret), daughter of Edward the Exile (Etheling). Margaret died in Edinburgh Castle of grief at the death of her husband, November 16, 1093, and was buried at Dumfermline. In 1250 Margaret was declared a saint and on June 19, 1259 her body was taken from the original stone coffin and placed in a shrine of pinewood set with gold and precious stones near the high altar. In Scotland the grace cup is called St. Margaret's blessing. When Scotland became Protestant the remains of St. Margaret and her husband, Malcolm III., were carried to Spain and placed in the Escorial, built in her honor by King Philip II, of Spain.

Source: Homer Beers James

MILCOLUMBUS III. or MALCOLM CANMORE, or MALCOLM-CEAN-MORE. or MALCOLMKENREMORE, son of DUNCAN I., having defeated MACBETH was proclaimed King at Scone 25 April 1057. He appointed a Parliament at Forfar, and restored the lands to the children of those who had been slain by MACBETH. He introduced the titles of Dukes, Marquises. Earls, Barons, and Knights, and created MACDUFF, Earl of Fife, and honoured him with many privileges. He created Patrick Dunbar Earl of March for suppressing the robbers of Cockburn. His sister Margaret was wife of EDGAR ETHELING (son of Prince EDWARD, died 1057, son of EDMUND IRONSIDE. King of England), who, to shun the fury of the Norman Conquest, set sail for Hungary, but by a storm was driven to Scotland. And ST. MARCARET, sister of EDGAR ETHELING, wife of King MALCOLM CANMORE. was the sole heiress of the Crown of England; but the hereditary right of her posterity was defeated by the Norman Conquest. She was so grieved at her husband's death that she survived him but a very short time.

Meanwhile Prince EDGAR ETHELING being drove by tempest into Scotland, was royally entertained by King MALCOLM. who protected him and many of his friends (from whom many families in Scotland are descended) against WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR, the invader of his undoubted right. This occasioned a long war between Scotland and England, in which SIBARDUS, a petty King of Northumberland, joined theScots, against whom King WILLIAM sent ROGER, a Norman, with forces into Northumberland, where ROGER was slain by his own men and his army routed. Then RICHARD, Earl of Gloucester, was sent with a greater army, but being wearied out with skirmishes by Patrick Dunbar, was forced to have more relief; accordingly ODO, King WILLIAM'S uterine brother, marched with more forces, who spoiled Northumberland; but a she returned King MALCOLM and SIBARDUS attacked him, recovered the spoils and took and slew many of his army. Neither did ROBERT, King WILLIAM'S son (tho' he also marched with an army) do any memorable action. Upon this King WILLIAM II. judging the war more tedious than advantageous, was glad to hearken to a peace. And now various civil commotions arose. Those of Galloway and Aebudae were suppressed by WALTER, grandson of BANCHO, and those of Murray, Ross and Caithness were quelled by MACDUFF Earl of Fife. Then the King founded the Bishopricks of Murray and Caithness. But WILLIAM RUFUS taking possession of Alnwick Castle, MALCOLM went and besieged it, and brought the besieged to such a strait that they were fain to treat of a surrender; but as the King was receiving the keys from the top of a spear, the Governor, Mowbray, pierced it thro' his eye and slew him A. D. 1093, and his family were ever after called Piercy. MALCOLM was buried at Icolmkill. His brother, DONALD VII. (called DONALD BANE or the White) fled to the Aebudae for fear of MACBETH. He promised to MAGNUS, King of Norway, all the Islands if by his aid he should enjoy the Crown of Scotland. Accordingly with little difficulty he was declared King after his brother, 1093, especially by those who falsely accused King MALCOLM of corrupting the Government. His nephew DUNCAN (natural son of MALCOLM III.) after 6 months expelled him, but upon DUNCAN'S death he again set himself on the Throne. Then the Norwegians came to take possession of the Islands, but the people rebelled and set up EDGAR, who by the aid of WILLIAM RUFUS, King of England, overcame and imprisoned DONALD, who died a prisoner 1098, and was buried at Dunkel, from whence his bones were afterwards translated to Icolmkill.

Source: The Royal Ancestry of Deacon Levi Tenney

Change: Date: 10 MAR 2001

Note: Born about 1605 and died 20 June 1661. He was the immigrant who came to New England with John Winthrop, in June 1630 and settled at Rehobeth, Mass. He married Joanna whose last name is not known. Robert was first mentioned in his father's will 1630 as then living in New England. He came to America probably in the fleet with Gov. Winthrop, which arrived at Charlestown, Mass., June 1630 (Savage). The first record of Robert in America is at Weymouth, Mass., included in a list as desirous to be made a Freeman, October 19, 1630 and he took the Oath of Freeman May 18, 1631. He is mentioned at the Quarterly Court, held at Boston December 4, 1638 and June 2, 1640 at Weymouth. He is mentioned in regards to land owned by John Ffussell, John Stable and James Snooke, October 26, 1642 to May 21, 1644.

Robert removed from Weymouth in 1643, probably following Rev. Samuel Newman, the real founder of Rehoboth. Rev. Newman was minister at Weymouth for four and a half or five years, then with a majority of his congregation, in 1642 removed to a place called by the Indians Seekonk, to which he gave the name of Rehoboth.The first meeting of the original planters of Rehoboth, to befound on record, is dated at "Weimoth" the 24th of the 8th month (October) 1643; the next meeting of the proprietors was held at Weymouth, the 10th day of the 10th month (December)1643.

About the year 1643 a joint agreement was made by theinhabitants of Sea-conk alias Rehoboth, for the bringing in of their estates; that so men's allotments might be taken up according to person and estate, also for carrying on of all public charges both for present and future; furthermore the means and interest of what is here expressed is that by which lands now granted by the Court of Plymouth to the town are to be divided according to person and estate, as is expressed in a list of 58 names. The 28th name on the list is Job Lane (underneath written), "now Robert Abell's" F50; it is evident that Robert Abell was written in after he had bought of Job Lane. At a meeting of the town February 18, 1646 it was agreed to draw lots for the new meadow, and to be divided according to person and estate, only those that were under F150, estate to be made up 150. Robert is the 41st name on a list of 46 who drew for lots.

The 26th of the 12th month, 1651 it was agreed that Robert Abell and Richard Bullock should burn the commons round about, from the Indian fence, all on the neck, to the new meadow near, and so far about the fresh meadows as may be convenient; and they are to have 20s, for their pains, and to begin the 15th of March next, and to be paid out of the first rate.The 28th of March, 1653 it was concluded and agreed upon, that Robert Abell should have three acres of meadow on the northside of the line, next to the town, next the line that parteth the land of the purchasers and the town of Rehoboth. This meadow was given them by Mr. Prince, Captain Standish and Mr.Winslow.

Mention is made of Robert in Court Orders, June 29, 1653, June10, 1661 and April 22, 1662. On February 1, 1654 at a town meeting, Robert was ordered to keep the Ordinary, and on July 3, 1656, Plymouth, Mass., he is allowed by the Court to keep an Ordinary at Rehoboth. (An Ordinary is a place where meals are provided.) Robert was at the Court of Elections at Plymouth, June 3, 1657 and on Jury at the General Court at Plymouth, June 4, 1657 and took the oath of fidelity in 1657.

Sources: 1. The Abell Family in America

2. Ancestors of American Presidents - (1989) p. 2963.

Burke's American Families, pg. 2529.4. AFN: CGHZ-ZV

Note: Source: Ancestors of American Presidents - (1989) p. 296Source: Burke's American Families, pg. 2529.Source: AFN: CGJ0-00

Note: GEORGE ABELL, of Stapenhill in Derbyshire and Hemington in Leicestershire. He was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1581; was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. He married Frances Cotton, daughter of Richard Cotton, of Combermere. George made his will dated 8 Sept. 1630 and it was proved 1 Feb. 1630/31.

Sources:1. Ancestors of American Presidents - (1989) p. 2962.

Source: Burke's American Families, pg. 2529.3.

The Abell Family in America, p. 37,41-434.

Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-Century Colonists by David Faris, Page 15.

Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith

6. AFN: FKK6-X1

This is the will of George Abell of Hemington, Leicestershire,England. The source: Boston Transcript, Nov. 17, 1926. The authority for the statement that Robert Abell of Rehoboth,Mass.--name given in first list of Freeman of Massachusetts May 18, 1631--was a son of George Abell of Hemington Leicestershire, Eng., is found in the will of George Abell proved in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury Feb. 7,1631. This will was found by John Matthews, genealogist of London. It has been seen by a visiting American, who was interested, and the copy made by Mr. Matthews found to be authentic. The will is dated Sept. 8, 1630. A copy reads: I, George Abell, of Hemington, in the county of Leicester, gentieman, being sicke in bodye, but of good and perfect memory etc.--And for that portion of worldly estate and goods I doe devise and bequeath the same in manner and form following:

Item. I bequeath unto my third sonne--Richard Abell Tenn poundsof good and lawful English money to be disposed for his benefit until the time of his apprenticeship shall have ended, and expired, and my will is that my brother, Andrew Cotton, of Cumbermere in the countie of Chester--gentleman, shall have the disposint of it for his aforesaid benefit for the time abovenamed.

Item. I bequeath unto my 2nd sonne, Robert Abell, onelie a 20 shilling piece, for his childs parte in regard of the charges I have been at in placinge him in a goodtrade in London wch hee hath made noe use of and since in furnishing him for New England--where I hope he now is.

Item. I give and bequeath to my daughter Mary Abell all the monie or coyne that nowe is at my decease out of this transitorie life shall be in her owne possession and custodie, with all the maultrock lyeth in the chamber on the left hand of the stairs, as we go to the mault room. And my will is that shee shall have halfe the sheeps wch are or shall bebetwixt her and me at my decease.

Item. All the rest of my goods, chattels and debts with allother my worldlie estate whatsoever I give and bequeath to the use of my wife Frances and George Abellmine eldest sonne. And my willis that my above named brother Andrew Cotton, with the advice of my brother George Cotton Esquire of Cumbermere aforesaid have the disposing of the same for the taking of something either for life, lives or for years for them what shall seem best in both their judgments. And my will is further that my said wife shall have halfe the profits thereof during her natural life, and my aforesaid sonne George Abell to have the reversion and remainder to him and his whatsoever. And I do hereby constitute and appoint my aforesaid brother Andrew Cotton, my sole executor of this my last will and testament, hopine that he will faithfully perform the same according to the trust I have reposed in him, and for his paines to be taken therein I shall give him the best saddle horsewch I have or shall have at my decease. And I doe make overseers hereof of my loving brother George Cotton, before named, and my approved good friend Sir Richard Harper of Little Over, in the countie of Derbie Knight. I have hereunto sett my seal and subscribed my name. George Abell.

Note: Sources:1. The Abell Family In America, pg. 37,382.

Ancestors of American Presidents - (1989) p. 2963.

Burke's American Families, pg. 2529.4.

The Genealogist, vol. 5, pg. 158-171, by Neil D. Thompson,F.A.S.G5.

Kin of Mellcene Thurman Smith, pg. 2666.

Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth-Century Colonists by David Faris, Page 17. AFN: FKK6-Z6

Boston Transcript, Dec. 11, 1936, signed H. A. A. R., who states that it appears from records that Frances, wife of George Abell of Stapenhill and Hemington, was the daughter of Richard Cotton, and quotes will to prove it.

Note: RICHARD COTTON was born at Combermere about 1539 and died at Stoke, co. Warwick, 14 June 1602. His place of interment is not clear as there was no entry for his burial in the Stoke register. He married at Combermer, 6 Jan. 1559/60, as his first wife, MARY MAINWARRING, daughter of SIR ARTHUR MAINWARRING, Kt.of Ightfield.

Source: Ancestors of American Presidents - (1989) p. 296

Source: The Genealogist, vol. 5, pg. 158-171, by Neil D.Thompson, F.A.S.G

Source: The Abell Family In America, pg. 36,38

Source: AFN: FKK7-2N

Change: Date: 9 MAR 2001

Note: Source: The Genealogist Vol. 5 (1984), pp. 158-171 (as proof ofMary being mother of Frances)

Source: Ancestors of American Presidents - (1989) p. 296

Source: The Abell Family In America, pg. 38

Source: AFN:HF3S-D3(See Richard Cotton's other wife for discusssion on Frances'mother.)

Note: There appears to be confusion over the mother of Frances Cotton. Some think that Jane Seyliard is her mother. The following presents the evidence that Mary Mainwaring is the correctmother:> > Ralph Troop wrote:> > >> > > I would also like to know if Mary Mainwaring is the mother of Francis> > > Cotton who married George Abell. I've seen Francis' mother listed as> > > Jane Seyliard, another wife of Richard Cotton. As someone else pointed out, the solution to the problem was presented by Thompson in his _The Genealogist_ article. It is basically an argument by elimintation. I am a little fuzzy on the details (its been years), but if I recall correctly, the children of the firstwife were named in the will of her father(?), and the children of the third wife were named in her own will. Frances is named in neither of these, and thus is presumed to be daughter of the second wife, Mary Mainwaring. (I may have the fine details confused here, but you get the idea.) It is solid work. taf----------------------------------------Ralph Troop wrote:> Gentlefolk:>> I have a Mary Mainwaring, 1541-bef. 1578; m. Richard Cotton, abt> 1540-1602.>> Richard Cotton is descended from John Cotton and Cecily Mainwaring.> Cecily Mainwaring is descended from Randall Mainwaring through,> William and Thomas>> Is this Mary Mainwaring part of the Randall Mainwaring clan and if so,> how? According to Faris, Mary Mainwaring is descended from John Mainwaring, brother of Cecily.> I would also like to know if Mary Mainwaring is the mother of Francis> Cotton who married George Abell. I've seen Francis' mother listed as> Jane Seyliard, another wife of Richard Cotton. Life-ain't-easy-for-a-boy-named-Sue dept.: it's Frances, not Francis. Again, according to Faris, she is "daughter, evidently, by the first marriage, . . ."Richard Cotton's second wife, Jane Sulliard (as Faris spells it), was the mother of a daughter also named Jane.He cites The Genealogist Vol. 5 (1984), pp. 158-171 for "evidence that Frances was daughter of first marriage." John Steele Gordon

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Note: 165 W. Center St

Change: Date: 27 JAN 2001

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Change: Date: 23 DEC 2000

Change: Date: 7 JAN 2001